
%% bare_conf.tex
%% V1.4b
%% 2015/08/26
%% by Michael Shell
%% See:
%% http://www.michaelshell.org/
%% for current contact information.
%%
%% This is a skeleton file demonstrating the use of IEEEtran.cls
%% (requires IEEEtran.cls version 1.8b or later) with an IEEE
%% conference paper.
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%% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/ieeetran
%% and
%% http://www.ieee.org/

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% *** Authors should verify (and, if needed, correct) their LaTeX system  ***
% *** with the testflow diagnostic prior to trusting their LaTeX platform ***
% *** with production work. The IEEE's font choices and paper sizes can   ***
% *** trigger bugs that do not appear when using other class files.       ***                          ***
% The testflow support page is at:
% http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/testflow/



\documentclass[conference]{IEEEtran}
% Some Computer Society conferences also require the compsoc mode option,
% but others use the standard conference format.
%
% If IEEEtran.cls has not been installed into the LaTeX system files,
% manually specify the path to it like:
% \documentclass[conference]{../sty/IEEEtran}


\usepackage{CJKutf8} %启用中文支持

\usepackage{graphicx}

\usepackage{cite}

%算法包
\usepackage{algorithm}
\usepackage{algorithmicx}
\usepackage{algpseudocode}
\usepackage{amsmath}

\floatname{algorithm}{算法}
\renewcommand{\algorithmicrequire}{\textbf{输入:}}
\renewcommand{\algorithmicensure}{\textbf{输出:}}

% Some very useful LaTeX packages include:
% (uncomment the ones you want to load)


% *** MISC UTILITY PACKAGES ***
%
%\usepackage{ifpdf}
% Heiko Oberdiek's ifpdf.sty is very useful if you need conditional
% compilation based on whether the output is pdf or dvi.
% usage:
% \ifpdf
%   % pdf code
% \else
%   % dvi code
% \fi
% The latest version of ifpdf.sty can be obtained from:
% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/ifpdf
% Also, note that IEEEtran.cls V1.7 and later provides a builtin
% \ifCLASSINFOpdf conditional that works the same way.
% When switching from latex to pdflatex and vice-versa, the compiler may
% have to be run twice to clear warning/error messages.






% *** CITATION PACKAGES ***
%
%\usepackage{cite}
% cite.sty was written by Donald Arseneau
% V1.6 and later of IEEEtran pre-defines the format of the cite.sty package
% \cite{} output to follow that of the IEEE. Loading the cite package will
% result in citation numbers being automatically sorted and properly
% "compressed/ranged". e.g., [1], [9], [2], [7], [5], [6] without using
% cite.sty will become [1], [2], [5]--[7], [9] using cite.sty. cite.sty's
% \cite will automatically add leading space, if needed. Use cite.sty's
% noadjust option (cite.sty V3.8 and later) if you want to turn this off
% such as if a citation ever needs to be enclosed in parenthesis.
% cite.sty is already installed on most LaTeX systems. Be sure and use
% version 5.0 (2009-03-20) and later if using hyperref.sty.
% The latest version can be obtained at:
% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/cite
% The documentation is contained in the cite.sty file itself.






% *** GRAPHICS RELATED PACKAGES ***
%
\ifCLASSINFOpdf
  % \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
  % declare the path(s) where your graphic files are
  % \graphicspath{{../pdf/}{../jpeg/}}
  % and their extensions so you won't have to specify these with
  % every instance of \includegraphics
  % \DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.jpeg,.png}
\else
  % or other class option (dvipsone, dvipdf, if not using dvips). graphicx
  % will default to the driver specified in the system graphics.cfg if no
  % driver is specified.
  % \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
  % declare the path(s) where your graphic files are
  % \graphicspath{{../eps/}}
  % and their extensions so you won't have to specify these with
  % every instance of \includegraphics
  % \DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.eps}
\fi
% graphicx was written by David Carlisle and Sebastian Rahtz. It is
% required if you want graphics, photos, etc. graphicx.sty is already
% installed on most LaTeX systems. The latest version and documentation
% can be obtained at: 
% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/graphicx
% Another good source of documentation is "Using Imported Graphics in
% LaTeX2e" by Keith Reckdahl which can be found at:
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% not a bitmapped formats (.jpeg, .png). The IEEE frowns on bitmapped formats
% which can result in "jaggedy"/blurry rendering of lines and letters as
% well as large increases in file sizes.
%
% You can find documentation about the pdfTeX application at:
% http://www.tug.org/applications/pdftex





% *** MATH PACKAGES ***
%
%\usepackage{amsmath}
% A popular package from the American Mathematical Society that provides
% many useful and powerful commands for dealing with mathematics.
%
% Note that the amsmath package sets \interdisplaylinepenalty to 10000
% thus preventing page breaks from occurring within multiline equations. Use:
%\interdisplaylinepenalty=2500
% after loading amsmath to restore such page breaks as IEEEtran.cls normally
% does. amsmath.sty is already installed on most LaTeX systems. The latest
% version and documentation can be obtained at:
% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/amsmath





% *** SPECIALIZED LIST PACKAGES ***
%
%\usepackage{algorithmic}
% algorithmic.sty was written by Peter Williams and Rogerio Brito.
% This package provides an algorithmic environment fo describing algorithms.
% You can use the algorithmic environment in-text or within a figure
% environment to provide for a floating algorithm. Do NOT use the algorithm
% floating environment provided by algorithm.sty (by the same authors) or
% algorithm2e.sty (by Christophe Fiorio) as the IEEE does not use dedicated
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% algorithmic.sty can be obtained at:
% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/algorithms
% Also of interest may be the (relatively newer and more customizable)
% algorithmicx.sty package by Szasz Janos:
% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/algorithmicx




% *** ALIGNMENT PACKAGES ***
%
%\usepackage{array}
% Frank Mittelbach's and David Carlisle's array.sty patches and improves
% the standard LaTeX2e array and tabular environments to provide better
% appearance and additional user controls. As the default LaTeX2e table
% generation code is lacking to the point of almost being broken with
% respect to the quality of the end results, all users are strongly
% advised to use an enhanced (at the very least that provided by array.sty)
% set of table tools. array.sty is already installed on most systems. The
% latest version and documentation can be obtained at:
% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/array


% IEEEtran contains the IEEEeqnarray family of commands that can be used to
% generate multiline equations as well as matrices, tables, etc., of high
% quality.




% *** SUBFIGURE PACKAGES ***
%\ifCLASSOPTIONcompsoc
%  \usepackage[caption=false,font=normalsize,labelfont=sf,textfont=sf]{subfig}
%\else
%  \usepackage[caption=false,font=footnotesize]{subfig}
%\fi
% subfig.sty, written by Steven Douglas Cochran, is the modern replacement
% for subfigure.sty, the latter of which is no longer maintained and is
% incompatible with some LaTeX packages including fixltx2e. However,
% subfig.sty requires and automatically loads Axel Sommerfeldt's caption.sty
% which will override IEEEtran.cls' handling of captions and this will result
% in non-IEEE style figure/table captions. To prevent this problem, be sure
% and invoke subfig.sty's "caption=false" package option (available since
% subfig.sty version 1.3, 2005/06/28) as this is will preserve IEEEtran.cls
% handling of captions.
% Note that the Computer Society format requires a larger sans serif font
% than the serif footnote size font used in traditional IEEE formatting
% and thus the need to invoke different subfig.sty package options depending
% on whether compsoc mode has been enabled.
%
% The latest version and documentation of subfig.sty can be obtained at:
% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/subfig




% *** FLOAT PACKAGES ***
%
%\usepackage{fixltx2e}
% fixltx2e, the successor to the earlier fix2col.sty, was written by
% Frank Mittelbach and David Carlisle. This package corrects a few problems
% in the LaTeX2e kernel, the most notable of which is that in current
% LaTeX2e releases, the ordering of single and double column floats is not
% guaranteed to be preserved. Thus, an unpatched LaTeX2e can allow a
% single column figure to be placed prior to an earlier double column
% figure.
% Be aware that LaTeX2e kernels dated 2015 and later have fixltx2e.sty's
% corrections already built into the system in which case a warning will
% be issued if an attempt is made to load fixltx2e.sty as it is no longer
% needed.
% The latest version and documentation can be found at:
% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/fixltx2e


%\usepackage{stfloats}
% stfloats.sty was written by Sigitas Tolusis. This package gives LaTeX2e
% the ability to do double column floats at the bottom of the page as well
% as the top. (e.g., "\begin{figure*}[!b]" is not normally possible in
% LaTeX2e). It also provides a command:
%\fnbelowfloat
% to enable the placement of footnotes below bottom floats (the standard
% LaTeX2e kernel puts them above bottom floats). This is an invasive package
% which rewrites many portions of the LaTeX2e float routines. It may not work
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% \baselineskip to stretch. Authors submitting work to the IEEE should note
% that the IEEE rarely uses double column equations and that authors should try
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% packages (also by Sigitas Tolusis) as the IEEE does not format its papers in
% such ways.
% Do not attempt to use stfloats with fixltx2e as they are incompatible.
% Instead, use Morten Hogholm'a dblfloatfix which combines the features
% of both fixltx2e and stfloats:
%
% \usepackage{dblfloatfix}
% The latest version can be found at:
% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/dblfloatfix




% *** PDF, URL AND HYPERLINK PACKAGES ***
%
%\usepackage{url}
% url.sty was written by Donald Arseneau. It provides better support for
% handling and breaking URLs. url.sty is already installed on most LaTeX
% systems. The latest version and documentation can be obtained at:
% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/url
% Basically, \url{my_url_here}.




% *** Do not adjust lengths that control margins, column widths, etc. ***
% *** Do not use packages that alter fonts (such as pslatex).         ***
% There should be no need to do such things with IEEEtran.cls V1.6 and later.
% (Unless specifically asked to do so by the journal or conference you plan
% to submit to, of course. )


% correct bad hyphenation here
\hyphenation{op-tical net-works semi-conduc-tor}


\begin{document}

\begin{CJK*}{UTF8}{gbsn}  %启用中文
		
%
% paper title
% Titles are generally capitalized except for words such as a, an, and, as,
% at, but, by, for, in, nor, of, on, or, the, to and up, which are usually
% not capitalized unless they are the first or last word of the title.
% Linebreaks \\ can be used within to get better formatting as desired.
% Do not put math or special symbols in the title.
\title{MRibSPT: An Efficient Routing Anomaly Detection Scheme for Large-Scale SDN networks}


% author names and affiliations
% use a multiple column layout for up to three different
% affiliations
\author{\IEEEauthorblockN{Yinqing Wang}
\IEEEauthorblockA{School of Electrical and\\Computer Engineering\\
Georgia Institute of Technology\\
Atlanta, Georgia 30332--0250\\
Email: http://www.michaelshell.org/contact.html}
\and
\IEEEauthorblockN{Homer Simpson}
\IEEEauthorblockA{Twentieth Century Fox\\
Springfield, USA\\
Email: homer@thesimpsons.com}
\and
\IEEEauthorblockN{James Kirk\\ and Montgomery Scott}
\IEEEauthorblockA{Starfleet Academy\\
San Francisco, California 96678--2391\\
Telephone: (800) 555--1212\\
Fax: (888) 555--1212}}

% conference papers do not typically use \thanks and this command
% is locked out in conference mode. If really needed, such as for
% the acknowledgment of grants, issue a \IEEEoverridecommandlockouts
% after \documentclass

% for over three affiliations, or if they all won't fit within the width
% of the page, use this alternative format:
% 
%\author{\IEEEauthorblockN{Michael Shell\IEEEauthorrefmark{1},
%Homer Simpson\IEEEauthorrefmark{2},
%James Kirk\IEEEauthorrefmark{3}, 
%Montgomery Scott\IEEEauthorrefmark{3} and
%Eldon Tyrell\IEEEauthorrefmark{4}}
%\IEEEauthorblockA{\IEEEauthorrefmark{1}School of Electrical and Computer Engineering\\
%Georgia Institute of Technology,
%Atlanta, Georgia 30332--0250\\ Email: see http://www.michaelshell.org/contact.html}
%\IEEEauthorblockA{\IEEEauthorrefmark{2}Twentieth Century Fox, Springfield, USA\\
%Email: homer@thesimpsons.com}
%\IEEEauthorblockA{\IEEEauthorrefmark{3}Starfleet Academy, San Francisco, California 96678-2391\\
%Telephone: (800) 555--1212, Fax: (888) 555--1212}
%\IEEEauthorblockA{\IEEEauthorrefmark{4}Tyrell Inc., 123 Replicant Street, Los Angeles, California 90210--4321}}




% use for special paper notices
%\IEEEspecialpapernotice{(Invited Paper)}




% make the title area
\maketitle

% As a general rule, do not put math, special symbols or citations
% in the abstract
\begin{abstract}
This paper develops a novel mechanism for recovering from multi-failures(link or node failures) in IP networks, referred to as MMH(Multi-Multi-nextHops), that reveal the following characteristics: (1) each in-port of one router has a unique forwarding table; (2) each entry in forwarding table has a MMH out-port destination; (3) provides flexible/guaranteed recovery from multiple link or node failures. The highlight of the developed routing approach is that a node re-routes a packet around the failed link without any knowledge of the other link or node failures. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technique over several network topologies.
\end{abstract}

% no keywords

\begin{IEEEkeywords}
SDN, NFV
\end{IEEEkeywords}


% For peer review papers, you can put extra information on the cover
% page as needed:
% \ifCLASSOPTIONpeerreview
% \begin{center} \bfseries EDICS Category: 3-BBND \end{center}
% \fi
%
% For peerreview papers, this IEEEtran command inserts a page break and
% creates the second title. It will be ignored for other modes.
\IEEEpeerreviewmaketitle



\section{Introduction}
% no \IEEEPARstart
SDN(Software-defined networks) is a recent architectural framework for networking, which aims at decoupling the network control plane from the physical forwarding plane and at having the topology elements controlled through a uniform protocol-specific interface. A well-known implementation of SDN technology is OpenFlow. The core idea of OpenFlow is to provide direct programming of a router or switch to monitor and control the way in which the individual packets are handled through the device. These related technologies have given network engineers and application architects a great deal of flexibility to support increasing demand for diverse business services.

SDN aims to effectively program the network with software running on a central controller. Today’s network switches and routers program their forwarding tables locally, which means that network devices make their own decisions internally about how to forward traffic. Traffic-forwarding decisions are informed by distributed control-plane protocols, including Spanning-tree, OSPF(Open Shortest Path First) and BGP(Border Gateway Protocol). In order for them to work, all network devices participating in the forwarding domain have to follow the same rules as defined by the protocol standard. That leaves little room for creativity or unusual business requirements.

With SDN, the separated control plane resides on a centralized controller that sees and knows all about the network, including where the hosts connect to the network and what the network topology connecting all of the hosts together looks like. A full-featured central controller allows network engineers to implement unique and flexible forwarding policies limited only by the ability of the software running on it.

Two important terms that come up in controller conversations are northbound and southbound. It is best to think of the controller as middleware. Applications that tell the controller how to program the network are northbound communications, while southbound communications program the network devices. The controller acts as an arbiter, abstracting the underlying physical network topology from the applications that wish to program them.

Reliability is one of the biggest problem for modern networks. To ensure reliable and uninterrupted network services, Software-Defined networks (SDNs) must be careful to install forwarding rules into routers and switches. It is clear by now that SDN does not provide reliability as a core asset - it has to be programmed very carefully. 

Routing anomalies, triggered by configuration errors, software implementation bugs, or software/hardware upgrades, can significantly disrupt and degrade network service. Anomalies like loop, black-hole, and unreachable routing, can cause network congestion and packet lost. The IT Process Institute's Visible Ops Handbook reports that 80\% of unplanned outages are due to ill-planned changes made by administrators (operations staff) or developers. Manual configuration errors can cost companies up to \$72,000 per hour in Web application downtime. While application maintenance costs are increasing at a rate of 20\% annually, 35\% of those polled said at least one-quarter of their downtime was caused by configuration errors\cite{MARTINDowntime}.


% You must have at least 2 lines in the paragraph with the drop letter
% (should never be an issue)
I wish you the best of success.

\hfill mds
 
\hfill August 26, 2015

\subsection{Subsection Heading Here}
Subsection text here.


\subsubsection{Subsubsection Heading Here}
Subsubsection text here.

好吧, 我是中文

\begin{CJK}{UTF8}{gbsn}
	这是一个CJKutf8的例子，使用的字体是宋体gbsn。
\end{CJK}

\begin{CJK}{UTF8}{gkai}
	
	这是一个楷体中文测试，处理简体字。 Good time!
	
\end{CJK}
\begin{CJK}{UTF8}{gbsn}
	
	这是一个宋体中文测试，处理简体字。 Good day!
	
\end{CJK}

\begin{CJK}{UTF8}{bkai}
	
	這是一個big5編碼的楷體中文測試，處理繁體文字。
	
\end{CJK}

\begin{CJK}{UTF8}{bsmi}
	
	這是一個个big5編碼的明體中文測試，處理繁體文字。
	
\end{CJK}

% An example of a floating figure using the graphicx package.
% Note that \label must occur AFTER (or within) \caption.
% For figures, \caption should occur after the \includegraphics.
% Note that IEEEtran v1.7 and later has special internal code that
% is designed to preserve the operation of \label within \caption
% even when the captionsoff option is in effect. However, because
% of issues like this, it may be the safest practice to put all your
% \label just after \caption rather than within \caption{}.
%
% Reminder: the "draftcls" or "draftclsnofoot", not "draft", class
% option should be used if it is desired that the figures are to be
% displayed while in draft mode.
%
%\begin{figure}[!t]
%\centering
%\includegraphics[width=2.5in]{myfigure}
% where an .eps filename suffix will be assumed under latex, 
% and a .pdf suffix will be assumed for pdflatex; or what has been declared
% via \DeclareGraphicsExtensions.
%\caption{Simulation results for the network.}
%\label{fig_sim}
%\end{figure}

% Note that the IEEE typically puts floats only at the top, even when this
% results in a large percentage of a column being occupied by floats.


% An example of a double column floating figure using two subfigures.
% (The subfig.sty package must be loaded for this to work.)
% The subfigure \label commands are set within each subfloat command,
% and the \label for the overall figure must come after \caption.
% \hfil is used as a separator to get equal spacing.
% Watch out that the combined width of all the subfigures on a 
% line do not exceed the text width or a line break will occur.
%
%\begin{figure*}[!t]
%\centering
%\subfloat[Case I]{\includegraphics[width=2.5in]{box}%
%\label{fig_first_case}}
%\hfil
%\subfloat[Case II]{\includegraphics[width=2.5in]{box}%
%\label{fig_second_case}}
%\caption{Simulation results for the network.}
%\label{fig_sim}
%\end{figure*}
%
% Note that often IEEE papers with subfigures do not employ subfigure
% captions (using the optional argument to \subfloat[]), but instead will
% reference/describe all of them (a), (b), etc., within the main caption.
% Be aware that for subfig.sty to generate the (a), (b), etc., subfigure
% labels, the optional argument to \subfloat must be present. If a
% subcaption is not desired, just leave its contents blank,
% e.g., \subfloat[].


% An example of a floating table. Note that, for IEEE style tables, the
% \caption command should come BEFORE the table and, given that table
% captions serve much like titles, are usually capitalized except for words
% such as a, an, and, as, at, but, by, for, in, nor, of, on, or, the, to
% and up, which are usually not capitalized unless they are the first or
% last word of the caption. Table text will default to \footnotesize as
% the IEEE normally uses this smaller font for tables.
% The \label must come after \caption as always.
%
%\begin{table}[!t]
%% increase table row spacing, adjust to taste
%\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
% if using array.sty, it might be a good idea to tweak the value of
% \extrarowheight as needed to properly center the text within the cells
%\caption{An Example of a Table}
%\label{table_example}
%\centering
%% Some packages, such as MDW tools, offer better commands for making tables
%% than the plain LaTeX2e tabular which is used here.
%\begin{tabular}{|c||c|}
%\hline
%One & Two\\
%\hline
%Three & Four\\
%\hline
%\end{tabular}
%\end{table}


% Note that the IEEE does not put floats in the very first column
% - or typically anywhere on the first page for that matter. Also,
% in-text middle ("here") positioning is typically not used, but it
% is allowed and encouraged for Computer Society conferences (but
% not Computer Society journals). Most IEEE journals/conferences use
% top floats exclusively. 
% Note that, LaTeX2e, unlike IEEE journals/conferences, places
% footnotes above bottom floats. This can be corrected via the
% \fnbelowfloat command of the stfloats package.

\section{Method}
This paper develops a novel mechanism for recovering from multi-failures(link or node failures) in IP networks, referred to as MMH(Multi-Multi-nextHops), that reveal the following characteristics: (1) each in-port of one router has a unique forwarding table; (2) each entry in forwarding table has a MMH out-port destination; (3) provides flexible/guaranteed recovery from multiple link or node failures. The highlight of the developed routing approach is that a node re-routes a packet around the failed link without any knowledge of the other link or node failures. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technique over several network topologies.

\subsection{algorithm}

\begin{CJK*}{UTF8}{gkai}
	\begin{algorithm}
		\caption{用归并排序求逆序数}
		\begin{algorithmic}[1] %每行显示行号
			\Require $Array$数组，$n$数组大小
			\Ensure 逆序数
			\Function {MergerSort}{$Array, left, right$}
			\State $result \gets 0$
			\If {$left < right$}
			\State $middle \gets (left + right) / 2$
			\State $result \gets result +$ \Call{MergerSort}{$Array, left, middle$}
			\State $result \gets result +$ \Call{MergerSort}{$Array, middle, right$}
			\State $result \gets result +$ \Call{Merger}{$Array,left,middle,right$}
			\EndIf
			\State \Return{$result$}
			\EndFunction
			\State
			\Function{Merger}{$Array, left, middle, right$}
			\State $i\gets left$
			\State $j\gets middle$
			\State $k\gets 0$
			\State $result \gets 0$
			\While{$i<middle$ \textbf{and} $j<right$}
			\If{$Array[i]<Array[j]$}
			\State $B[k++]\gets Array[i++]$
			\Else
			\State $B[k++] \gets Array[j++]$
			\State $result \gets result + (middle - i)$
			\EndIf
			\EndWhile
			\While{$i<middle$}
			\State $B[k++] \gets Array[i++]$
			\EndWhile
			\While{$j<right$}
			\State $B[k++] \gets Array[j++]$
			\EndWhile
			\For{$i = 0 \to k-1$}
			\State $Array[left + i] \gets B[i]$
			\EndFor
			\State \Return{$result$}
			\EndFunction
		\end{algorithmic}
	\end{algorithm}
\end{CJK*}

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=1.7]{universe.jpg}
	\caption{The Universe}
	\label{fig:univerise}
\end{figure}

\section{Design}
This is design section for paper!

Paper Submission
During the initial paper submission process via EDAS, it is the authors' responsibility to ensure that the author list and the paper title of the submitted pdf file is an exact match to the author list and paper title on the EDAS registration page.  In particular, the EDAS registration page must include all co-authors, not just the submitting author. Failure to comply with this rule might result in your paper being withdrawn from the review process. Please be aware that the author list of an accepted paper can NOT be changed in the final manuscript.

All final submissions should be written in English with a maximum paper length of six (6) printed pages (10-point font) including figures without incurring additional page charges (maximum 1 additional page with over length page charge of USD100 if accepted). Papers exceeding 7 pages will not be accepted at EDAS

Standard IEEE conference templates for LaTeX formats are found at here:
%http://www.ieee.org/conferences_events/conferences/publishing/templates.html 
You may also use one of the following templates for Microsoft Word: A4, US letter. Only PDF files will be accepted for the review process, and all submissions must be done through EDAS.

To submit a paper:
Proceed to the call for papers page;
find the symposium that best matches your topic; and
Click the associated upload-to-EDAS icon.
If you have any questions regarding the submission of manuscripts, please contact on of the Technical Program Chairs of the Symposia that you are submitting a paper.  

\section{Evaluation}
Although IEEE does not require a specific format for their conference articles, IEEE eXpress Conference Publishing provides these optional MS Word and LaTeX templates free for use. If you wish, you may link to this Web page in its entirety. However, we do not recommend that you link to individual files because they may be updated or replaced without notice.

Grateful acknowledgement is made to the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society, which provided the current LaTeX template. 

Note: Other templates (maintained by trans@ieee.org) that more closely align with the printed Transactions format are available.


\section{Conclusion}
The conclusion goes here.\cite{wang2010research}




% conference papers do not normally have an appendix


% use section* for acknowledgment
\section*{Acknowledgment}


The authors would like to thank...





% trigger a \newpage just before the given reference
% number - used to balance the columns on the last page
% adjust value as needed - may need to be readjusted if
% the document is modified later
%\IEEEtriggeratref{8}
% The "triggered" command can be changed if desired:
%\IEEEtriggercmd{\enlargethispage{-5in}}

% references section

% can use a bibliography generated by BibTeX as a .bbl file
% BibTeX documentation can be easily obtained at:
% http://mirror.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/
% The IEEEtran BibTeX style support page is at:
% http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/bibtex/
%\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}
% argument is your BibTeX string definitions and bibliography database(s)
%\bibliography{IEEEabrv,../bib/paper}
%
% <OR> manually copy in the resultant .bbl file
% set second argument of \begin to the number of references
% (used to reserve space for the reference number labels box)


\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}
\bibliography{bk_ref}

\end{CJK*}
% that's all folks
\end{document}


